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Mutual communication and relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment
Novák, Štěpán ; Szabo, Pavol (advisor) ; Krška, Zdeněk (referee) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
The present dissertation addresses two main objectives. First, the interaction between four pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and conditioned media from normal/healthy fibroblasts was investigated, HF) and cancer- associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from PDAC (PDAC-derived CAFs, PANFs), cells derived from ascitic fluid of patients with end-stage PDAC and primary PDAC tumor. Subsequently, the genome-wide profile of PANFs was determined. The second aim was to differentiate squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells, surgical resection margin (MSR) cells and normal mucosa (NM) cells in patients operated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by immunohistochemistry, using detection of tenascin (Ten), fibronectin (Fn) and galectin-1 (Gal-1), and to correlate these results with their clinical characteristics. Subsequently, whole-genome profiling of SCC, MSR and NM samples was performed based on Ten expression stratification. Results Cultivation of the four PDAC lines under the influence of conditioned media from HF and PANF was heterogeneous. After stimulation, the most aggressive behavior was obtained in the Panc-1 cell line while the PaTu-8902 line was rather inhibited by the media. The PANF transcriptome showed increased expression of some genes (e.g. IL-6, IL-8, MFGE8,...
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Application of Optical Endoscopic Methods in Diagnostics of Head and Neck Mucosal Tumors
Šatanková, Jana ; Chrobok, Viktor (advisor) ; Pellant, Arnošt (referee) ; Zeleník, Karol (referee)
Diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is often in advanced stages of cancer, resulting in elimination of the possibility of treatment with the least mutilating effect for the patient. The huge progamination. ress in diagnostic process of mucosal tumors of the head and neck has been started with the development of new optical endoscopic imaging methods that are able to visualize initiating discrete mucosal changes with pathological vascularization easier and more accurately. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the benefit of Narrow Band Imaging (NBI), especially in the differentation of benign, precancerous and malignant changes in three groups of patients, it means in preoperative diagnostics in outpatient department (group I), during the endoscopic surgery (group II) and also in follow-up of patients after curative radiotherapy (group III). The vascular changes within the observed lesion or in close contact with the laryngeal/hypopharyngeal lesion were classified according to two classifications (Ni and Arens) and subsequently correlated with the histopathological results. The dissertation confirmed that NBI plays a key role in early detection of precancerous and malignant changes, in discrimination between benign and malignant vascular patterns with statistical significance. We...
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The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of skin cancer
HOLEČKOVÁ, Ivana
Tumour diseases constitute one of the main causes of death in advanced countries. If diagnosed in time, the disease can be cured in approximately 45 % cases. Common curative methods of treating skin tumours include surgical, radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic or biological treatment or their combination. The subject of my thesis is the role of radiotherapy in treatment of skin tumours. I have compared the results of radiotherapeutic treatment in the period from 1981 to 1985 and from 2001 to 2005 in the oncology ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice, and also examined the count of radiated patients in comparison with the number of all reported skin tumours. On the basis of these statistical data we obtain a certain idea of the rate of use of both the above stated methods in treatment of carcinoma. The first part of my thesis is theoretical and provides a historical survey of tumour diseases, based on study of technical literature. Following the survey, I address radiotherapy in general and attend to skin anatomy; a special chapter is focused on skin cancer and its symptoms. The theoretical part describes curative methods of skin tumours. With regard to the topic of the thesis I pay larger attention to selection of a radiation source and to general planning of radiotherapeutic treatment. This part of the thesis includes a description of radiation side effects and a section discussing prevention of tumour diseases. In the practical part I compare the results of radiotherapeutic treatment of patients treated in two five-year intervals in the space of 16 years. Based on the comparison of the total number of reported oncologic diseases and the number of patients treated with radiotherapy, I arrive at the conclusion that priority is given to surgical methods rather than to radiotherapeutic ones. The reasons are obvious {--} availability of radiotherapy only in most of large centres, time {--} consumption connected with a larger number of sessions, and mental discomfort for the patient.
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